… Xiaowei Song and Arnold Mitnitski conducted and verified all the analyses. (Arnold Mitnitski
and Kenneth Rockwood previously devised and tested the Frailty Index.) Kenneth Rockwood…

This review article summarizes how frailty can be considered in relation to deficit
accumulation. Recalling that frailty is an age-associated, nonspecific vulnerability, we consider …

This paper develops a method for appraising health status in elderly people. A frailty index
was defined as the proportion of accumulated deficits (symptoms, signs, functional …

Background Frailty can be measured in relation to the accumulation of deficits using a frailty
index. A frailty index can be developed from most ageing databases. Our objective is to …

Background. Many definitions of frailty exist, but few have been directly compared. We
compared the relationship between a definition of frailty based on a specific phenotype with one …

As cells age, they develop deficits as a result of the accumulation of unrepaired cellular and
molecular damage. This fact is well accepted; for example, Kirkwood 1 reviewed several …

… Arnold Mitnitski reviewed the analyses and obtained funding. Kenneth Rockwood conceived
of the project, co-wrote the first draft, and obtained data access from Statistics Canada. All …

Background People age at remarkably different rates, but how to estimate trajectories of
senescence is controversial. Methods In a secondary analysis of a representative cohort of …

The concept of frailty as a medically distinct syndrome has evolved based on the clinical
experience of geriatricians and is clinically well recognizable. Frailty is a nonspecific state of …

… Arnold Mitnitski and Kenneth Rockwood drafted the manuscript. Arnold Mitnitski and
Xiaowei Song performed statistical analyses. Arnold Mitnitski and Kenneth Rockwood obtained …