Abstract
Background:
The validity of clinical guidelines changes over time, because new evidence-based knowledge and experience develop.
Objective:
Hence, the European clinical guidelines on hyperkinetic disorder from 1998 had to be evaluated and modified.
Method:
Discussions at the European Network for Hyperkinetic Disorders (EUNETHYDIS) and iterative critique of each clinical analysis. Guided by evidence-based information and based on evaluation (rather than metaanalysis) of the scientific evidence a group of child psychiatrists and psychologists from several European countries updated the guidelines of 1998. When reliable information is lacking the group gives a clinical consensus when it could be found among themselves.
Results:
The group presents here a set of recommendations for the conceptualization and management of hyperkinetic disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Conclusion:
A general scheme for practice in Europe could be provided, on behalf of the European Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (ESCAP).
MeSH terms
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Alleles
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Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / diagnosis*
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Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / epidemiology
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Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / genetics
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Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / therapy
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Central Nervous System Stimulants / therapeutic use
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Child
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Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / diagnosis
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Child Development Disorders, Pervasive / epidemiology
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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Combined Modality Therapy
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Comorbidity
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Conduct Disorder / diagnosis
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Conduct Disorder / epidemiology
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Diagnosis, Differential
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Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
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Europe
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Gene Frequency
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Guidelines as Topic*
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Humans
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Hyperkinesis / diagnosis*
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Hyperkinesis / epidemiology
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Hyperkinesis / genetics
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Hyperkinesis / therapy
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International Classification of Diseases
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Learning Disabilities / diagnosis
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Learning Disabilities / epidemiology
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Membrane Glycoproteins / genetics
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Membrane Transport Proteins / genetics
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Methylphenidate / therapeutic use
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Nerve Tissue Proteins / genetics
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Prevalence
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Psychometrics
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Receptors, Dopamine D2 / genetics
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Receptors, Dopamine D4
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Tic Disorders / diagnosis
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Tic Disorders / epidemiology
Substances
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Central Nervous System Stimulants
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DRD4 protein, human
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Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins
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Membrane Glycoproteins
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Membrane Transport Proteins
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Nerve Tissue Proteins
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Receptors, Dopamine D2
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Receptors, Dopamine D4
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Methylphenidate