Demographics
| Characteristic | Preintervention (n=51) | Intervention I (n=30) | Intervention II (n=23) |
| Gender, n (%) | |||
| Female | 30 (59%) | 15 (50%) | 14 (61%) |
| Male | 21 (41%) | 15 (50%) | 9 (39%) |
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 64 (52–73) | 67 (62–75) | 66 (57.50–71.50) |
| Cancer type, n (%) | |||
| Breast | 10 (20%) | 2 (6.9%) | 2 (8.7%) |
| Gastrointestinal | 3 (5.9%) | 4 (14%) | 1 (4.3%) |
| Genitourinary | 6 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4.3%) |
| Lung | 25 (49%) | 15 (52%) | 16 (70%) |
| Other | 7 (14%) | 8 (28%) | 3 (13%) |
| Missing | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Race, n (%) | |||
| Black | 11 (22%) | 2 (6.7%) | 2 (8.7%) |
| Other | 1 (2.0%) | 2 (6.7%) | 3 (13%) |
| White | 39 (76%) | 26 (87%) | 18 (78%) |
| Insurance, n (%) | |||
| Medicaid | 3 (6.2%) | 1 (3.3%) | 2 (8.7%) |
| Medicare | 25 (52%) | 15 (50%) | 11 (48%) |
| No insurance | 2 (4.2%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Third party | 18 (38%) | 14 (47%) | 10 (43%) |
| Missing | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Referral source, n (%) | |||
| Inpatient | 37 (76%) | 10 (33%) | 5 (22%) |
| Oncology | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (4.3%) |
| Outpatient | 10 (20%) | 20 (67%) | 17 (74%) |
| Outpatient other | 2 (4.1%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Missing | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Tunnelled pleural catheter location, n (%) | |||
| Inpatient | 31 (61%) | 5 (29%) | 2 (18%) |
| Outpatient | 20 (39%) | 12 (71%) | 9 (82%) |
| Missing | 0 | 13 | 12 |
| Thoracentesis location, n (%) | |||
| Inpatient | 36 (77%) | 15 (52%) | 7 (30%) |
| Outpatient | 11 (23%) | 14 (48%) | 16 (70%) |
| Missing | 4 | 1 | 0 |