Studies on the concept of patient safety in home care, attributes, antecedents and consequences
| References | Country | Studied context | Attribute | Antecedent | Consequence |
| Lang et al 32 | Canada | Discovering a broad perspective of patient safety in home care | Efforts to reduce and avoid errors and risks Management of unsafe actions Inseparable relationship between the client/family and caregivers/service provider Multidimensionality of safety (physical, emotional, social, functional) Need for human resource competence | Patient and caregiver adherence to patient safety Fitting organisational safety culture Providing infrastructure for safety indicators | Protection and reducing risks Providing a safe environment for the patient Improving the quality of home care Empowering the patient Receiving positive feedback from patients and caregivers |
| Gershon et al 26 | USA | Risks of home care | Complexity of multiple and potential safety threats Multiple sources of potential home hazards for patients and healthcare workers Control and elimination of known hazards to achieve an acceptable level of safety for the patient and health staff | Attributes of the organisation (safety training) Attributes of home (environmental hazards) Personal attributes (patient and health staff) | Controlling and eliminating hazards in homes: achieving the highest safety standards Maintaining the safety of health workers |
| Gershon et al 27 | USA | Assessing the potential health and safety risks associated with home healthcare | Identifying hazards and threats Training caregivers Competence of caregivers Identifying the possibility of danger | Principles of working with patient electrical appliances Considering the possibility of fire No slippery carpets Home hygiene conditions Non-violence and abuse Role of technology and equipment in safety | No injury to the patient Optimum quality of care Treating the patient nicely No patient falling Resolving safety problems |
| Lang et al 33 | Canada | Safety perspectives on home care from the perspective of those involved in care (family, patient, caregiver) | Multidimensional safety standards Complexity of home care safety Difference in the meaning of safety between the views of the patient, family and service provider Participatory role of members involved in care | Coordinating the views of the care provider and recipient Sufficient resources for safety management Family adherence to safety | Providing safe care Reducing safety risks and problems Maintaining the health of the patient Reducing stress and pressure on patients’ families |
| Berland et al 25 | Norway | Culture of patient safety in home care | Accepting patient safety responsibility in different situations Identifying higher hazards and alerts Safety culture | Work spirit and ethics Documentation Functional leadership Principles of working with equipment Competence of caregivers Providing facilities | Assurance of safety |
| Gershon et al 28 | USA | Develop a checklist on patient safety in home care | Continuous identification and review of environmental conditions and hazards in the home | Knowledge of identifying environmental risk factors High cost to eliminate environmental hazards Commitment | Providing a safe environmental condition for the patient Improving safety |
| Berland et al29 | Norway | Patient safety from the perspective of home care nurses | Paying attention to primary prevention and investigating the causes of the accident before it occurs Prevention | Focusing on prevention Nurses’ concern for safety | Preventing the patient from falling |
| Tong et al 37 | Canada | Patients’ and families’ concerns about safety in home care | Efforts by all involved in care to maintain safety Prevention with timely evaluation and intervention Participation of all members in safety | Concerns and safety concerns High cost to eliminate hazards and supply equipment | Turning the house into a place of safe long-term care Increasing the ability of the family and the patient Reducing the pressure on caregivers |
| Carpenter et al 31 | USA | Patient safety in home care | Multidimensional safety Physical safety Emotional safety Social safety Functional safety | Commitment to safety principles Controlling environmental hazards Centre and insurance support Proper use of technology and equipment Observance of relevant regulations and standards | Implementing a promising approach to patient safety Promoting safer care |
| Danielsen et al 34 | Norway | Experiences and challenges of nurses and physicians on palliative home care | Cooperation of all members involved in care Competence of caregivers Cooperation and agreement between the nurse and the doctor and the family Competence of nurses Prevention Clinical specialisation and high experience of the nurse Ability to prevent and flexibility in the nurse | Adherence to and trust in safety principles Use of electronic communications Initial planning and preparation before the patient’s arrival Easy and fast access to medicine and equipment Support and interaction between home care and hospital Receiving complete patient records from the hospital | Quality care Avoiding hospitalisation Reducing the burden of caring for the family Increasing patient safety |
| Ree and Wiig39 | Norway | Employees’ perception of patient safety culture | Patient safety culture: product of values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies and individual and group behavioural patterns determining the commitment, style and skills of managing the safety and health of the organisation | Addressing the patient’s safety culture and understanding it Management support Organisational Learning Team work Assignment General understanding of patient safety Open communication Higher expectations | Improving patient safety Reducing mortality Reducing disability in the patient |
| Demiris et al 30 | USA | Managing promotion of patient safety in home care | Multidimensional environmental safety at home Dimensions of patient safety: environmental, emotional, social, functional safety Patient cooperation Significant patient and family participation in care | Adherence and implementation of safe care Complex clinical care planning and coordination Patient resilience and self-efficacy Material and spiritual support of family and society Use of information technology to facilitate safety | Protection of patient safety Improving healthcare processes Empowering home care patients and their families in care |
| Johannessen et al.38 | Norway | Challenges of safety in home care | Coordination in organisational structure and policies Safety culture Competence and participation Understand the culture of error Maintaining competence among employees Knowledge transfer | Changing the views of managers Role of the organisation Maintaining the competence of employees High time and cost | Persistence in safety Continuity of quality of care Maintaining patient safety Reducing the workload of nurses Increasing the ability of nurses |
| Stokke et al 36 | Norway | Providing remote patient safety | Relationship between care staff, patients and family Interaction between patient, family and care provider | Efforts and alignment of people involved in technology care Responsibility in technology Coordination of activities with technology | Maintaining patient safety Reducing the pressure on care providers |
| Mirjam et al 35 | Sweden | Safety in home care | Safety dependence on family and their participation Cooperation | Family competence Available resources | Maintaining safety Empowering families to care |