Table 2

Learners’ self-perceived end-of-life care knowledge, skill, attitude and confidence

Statements	Groups	Pre-evaluation median (IQR)/mean*	Postevaluation median (IQR)/mean*	Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Tests (Z)	P value	Effect size (r)	95% CI of effect size
I have sufficient knowledge in providing end-of-life care	All learners (n=1452)	3.22 (1)/3.31	4 (0)/3.93	−25.279	<0.001	0.47	0.43 to 0.51
	Allied health professionals (n=197)	3 (2)/3.21	4 (1)/3.83	−9.252	<0.001	0.47	0.35 to 0.57
	Doctors (n=177)	3 (1)/3.04	3.8 (1)/3.53	−9.996	<0.001	0.53	0.41 to 0.63
	Nurses (n=1078)	3.5 (1)/3.37	4 (0)/4.02	−21.516	<0.001	0.46	0.41 to 0.51
I am skilled in providing end-of-life care	All learners (n=1448)	3 (2)/3.18	4 (1)/3.72	−24.094	<0.001	0.45	0.41 to 0.49
	Allied health professionals (n=194)	3 (2)/3.12	4 (1)/3.65	−8.542	<0.001	0.43	0.31 to 0.54
	Doctors (n=178)	3 (1)/2.89	3.11 (1)/3.31	−9.370	<0.001	0.50	0.38 to 0.60
	Nurses (n=1076)	3 (1)/3.24	4 (1)/3.8	−20.669	<0.001	0.45	0.40 to 0.50
I have a positive attitude towards end-of-life care	All learners (n=1440)	4 (1)/3.99	4 (1)/4.26	−15.421	<0.001	0.29	0.24 to 0.34
	Allied health professionals (n=195)	4 (1)/4.04	4 (1)/4.29	−5.862	<0.001	0.30	0.17 to 0.42
	Doctors (n=178)	4 (1)/3.89	4 (1)/4.09	−6.934	<0.001	0.37	0.24 to 0.49
	Nurses (n=1067)	4 (1)/4	4 (1)/4.28	−12.919	<0.001	0.28	0.22 to 0.33
I am confident in my ability to provide good end-of-life care	All learners (n=1444)	3.8 (1)/3.52	4 (1)/3.96	−20.868	<0.001	0.39	0.35 to 0.43
	Allied health professionals (n=195)	3.75 (1)/3.45	4 (1)/3.87	−7.178	<0.001	0.36	0.23 to 0.48
	Doctors (n=178)	3 (1)/3.13	3.56 (1)/3.54	−8.961	<0.001	0.47	0.35 to 0.58
	Nurses (n=1071)	4 (1)/3.59	4 (1)/4.04	−17.676	<0.001	0.38	0.33 to 0.43

*Original items’ categories were as follows: 1=strongly disagree; 2=disagree; 3=Neutral; 4=agree; 5=strongly agree.