Comparison of means between patient safety grades and number of events reported with patient safety culture components scores (N=300)
| Patient safety grades | Events reported, n | |||||||
| Poor or failing | Acceptable | Excellent/ Very good | F, Sig*. | No event reports | 1–5 event reports | >5 events reported | F, Sig*. | |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||
| Supervisor’s/manager’s expectations and actions promoting safety | 2.96 (0.72) | 2.85 (0.64) | 2.95 (0.60) | 0.553, 0.576 | 2.96 (0.63) | 2.92 (0.60) | 2.79 (0.75) | 0.617, 0.0540 |
| Organisational learning—continuous improvement | 3.63 (0.86) | 3.42 (0.83) | 3.73 (0.66) | 3.61, 0.028 (c) | 3.66 (0.77) | 3.65 (0.69) | 3.70 (0.70) | 0.046, 0.955 |
| Teamwork within hospital units | 3.66 (0.82) | 3.72 (0.67) | 3.98 (0.60) | 5.64, 0.004 (b) | 3.86 (0.73) | 3.88 (0.61) | 4.08 (0.52) | 0.831, 0.437 |
| Communication openness | 2.86 (0.84) | 2.91 (0.78) | 3.18 (0.73) | 4.17, 0.016 (b) | 3.04 (0.080) | 3.19 (0.71) | 2.70 (0.62) | 3.50, 0.032 (a) (f) |
| Feedback and communication about errors | 2.82 (0.82) | 2.95 (0.77) | 3.52 (0.82) | 17.24, ≤0.001 (b, c) | 3.23 (0.90) | 3.43 (0.82) | 3.17 (0.84) | 1.93, 0.146 |
| Non-punitive response to the error | 4.06 (0.91) | 3.95 (0.95) | 3.85 (083) | 0.963, 0.383 | 3.88 (0.74) | 3.87 (0.97) | 4.29 (0.91) | 1.78, 0.170 |
| Staffing | 3.60 (1.15) | 3.29 (0.93) | 3.45 (0.79) | 1.34, 0.263 | 3.44 (0.87) | 3.41 (0.83) | 3.79 (1.26) | 1.39, 0.251 |
| Hospital management support for patient safety | 3.25 (0.80) | 3.10 (0.66) | 3.52 (0.66) | 8.65, ≤0.001 (b, c) | 3.44 (0.77) | 3.37 (0.64) | 3.41 (0.53) | 0.336, 0.715 |
| Teamwork across hospital units | 3.55 (1.11) | 3.40 (0.56) | 3.44 (0.59) | 0.611, 0.544 | 3.45 (0.69) | 3.45 (0.69) | 3.38 (0.58) | 0.087, 0.916 |
| Hospital handoffs and transitions | 3.72 (0.97) | 3.38 (0.86) | 2.90 (0.99) | 13.68, ≤0.001 (a>b) | 2.96 (1.03) | 3.22 (0.97) | 3.23 (1.11) | 2.24, 0.107 |
Patient safety grades: (a) The significant difference between ‘poor or failing” and “acceptable’. (b) The significant difference between ‘poor or failing’ and ‘excellent/very good’. (c) The significant difference between ‘acceptable’ and ‘excellent/very good’. (d) The significant difference between ‘no events reported’ and ‘1–5 events reported’. (e) The significant difference between ‘no events reported’ and ‘>5 events reported’. (f) The significant difference between ‘1–5 events reported’ and ‘>5 events reported’.
*Tukey’s post-test was performed, df=2.