Descriptive characteristics of studies
| Study characteristics | Frequency (N=100) | |
| Study design | Continuous QI-iterative improvement | 31 |
| Pre–post; before–after | 57 | |
| Pre–post and continuous combined | 7 | |
| Non-randomised comparison trial | 3 | |
| Randomised controlled trial | 1 | |
| Uncategorised | 1 | |
| Target population | Patients | 70 |
| Caregivers | 6 | |
| Healthcare providers | 11 | |
| Community | 6 | |
| Mother–infant dyad | 5 | |
| Other domains | 2 | |
| Country/region of publication | USA | 61 |
| Americas except USA | 4 | |
| Europe | 25 | |
| Africa | 0 | |
| Asia and Australia | 10 | |
| Year | 2020 | 10 |
| 2019 | 30 | |
| 2018 | 26 | |
| 2017 | 19 | |
| 2016 | 15 | |
| QI framework used | Model for improvement/Plan-Do-Study-Act | 34 |
| Other frameworks | 12 | |
| None | 54 | |
| Reporting guideline followed | SQUIRE 2.0 | 9 |
| CONSORT | 1 | |
| None | 90 | |
| Sample size | Sample size calculated or justified | 14 |
| Journal endorses SQUIRE 2.0—required or recommended in authors’ guidelines | 51 | |
| Declared funding sources (yes) | 36 | |
| Number of authors, mean (SD) | 6.63 (3.1) | |
| Study stated set specific, measurable and time-defined goals | 31 | |
CONSORT, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials; QI, quality improvement; SQUIRE, Standards for Quality Improvement Reporting Excellence.