Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models of facility characteristics with no reported cases or at least one reported COVID-19 case among residents as the outcome
| Univariate (n=1184 facilities) | Multivariate* (n=894 facilities) | |||
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Provider type | ||||
| Medicaid only | 0.52 (0.23 to 1.15) | 0.106 | Not included | |
| Medicare only | 0.37 (0.19 to 0.75) | 0.006 | ||
| Medicare and Medicaid | Ref | |||
| Ownership type | ||||
| Government | 0.19 (0.07 to 0.05) | 0.002 | 0.26 (0.03 to 2.89) | 0.23 |
| Non-profit | 0.59 (0.41 to 0.86) | 0.006 | 1.00 (0.55 to 1.84) | 0.99 |
| Profit | Ref | Ref | ||
| Number of certified beds | 1.01 (1.007 to 1.012) | <0.0001 | 1.01 (1.00 to 1.01) | <0.0001 |
| Overall Star Rating† | n=1172 | |||
 | 3.03 (2.00 to 4.60) | <0.0001 | ||
 | 3.05 (2.13 to 4.38) | <0.0001 | ||
 | 2.87 (1.99 to 4.14) | <0.0001 | Not included† | |
 | 1.92 (1.35 to 2.75) | 0.0003 | ||
 | Ref | |||
| Health Inspection | n=1172 | |||
 | 6.54 (3.59 to 11.93) | <0.0001 | 5.62 (2.03 to 15.59) | 0.001 |
 | 6.07 (3.36 to 10.95) | <0.0001 | 4.86 (1.79 to 13.16) | 0.002 |
 | 3.19 (1.75 to 5.81) | 0.0002 | 3.20 (1.18 to 8.66) | 0.020 |
 | 2.63 (1.44 to 4.81) | 0.002 | 2.78 (1.01 to 7.61) | 0.047 |
 | Ref | Ref | ||
| Staffing | n=1168 | |||
 | 1.13 (0.58 to 2.19) | 0.72 | 1.04 (0.35 to 3.07) | 0.95 |
 | 3.78 (2.23 to 6.41) | <0.0001 | 1.67 (0.68 to 4.11) | 0.27 |
 | 2.36 (1.40 to 3.98) | 0.001 | 1.22 (0.50 to 2.96) | 0.66 |
 | 1.36 (0.78 to 2.39) | 0.28 | 1.09 (0.44 to 2.70) | 0.86 |
 | Ref | Ref | ||
| Quality Measures | n=1171 | |||
 | 0.33 (0.07 to 1.51) | 0.15 | 0.64 (0.11 to 3.72) | 0.62 |
 | 0.94 (0.51 to 1.76) | 0.85 | 0.69 (0.29 to 1.63) | 0.40 |
 | 0.97 (0.65 to 1.43) | 0.87 | 0.62 (0.36 to 1.09) | 0.10 |
 | 1.48 (1.10 to 1.98) | 0.009 | 1.31 (0.87 to 1.98) | 0.20 |
 | Ref | Ref | ||
| Percentage of short-stay residents who were rehospitalised after a nursing home admission | n=1012 | |||
| 1.04 (1.02 to 1.07) | 0.0005 | 1.05 (1.01 to 1.08) | 0.006 | |
| Percentage of short-stay residents with outpatient emergency department visit | n=1012 | |||
| 0.91 (0.88 to 0.93) | <0.0001 | 0.92 (0.88 to 0.96) | 0.0002 | |
| Number of hospitalisations per 1000 long-stay resident days | n=966 | |||
| 2.29 (1.93 to 2.71) | <0.0001 | 2.09 (1.67 to 2.60) | <0.0001 | |
| Number of outpatient emergency department visits per 1000 long-stay resident days | n=966 | |||
| 0.66 (0.51 to 0.86) | 0.002 | 0.77 (0.53 to 1.13) | 0.18 | |
The sample sizes differ for univariate and multivariable regression model because of the availability of reported data.
*Limited to SNFs with Medicare claims.
†Overall Star Rating is not included in the multivariable regression model because of collinearity as Overall rating is a composite score of three domains: Health Inspections ratings, Quality Metrics ratings and Staffing ratings (see https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Provider-Enrollment-and-Certification/CertificationandComplianc/downloads/usersguide.pdf https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Provider-Enrollment-and-Certification/CertificationandComplianc/downloads/usersguide.pdf and https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/Provider-Enrollment-and-Certification/CertificationandComplianc/downloads/usersguide.pdf).
SNFs, skilled nursing facilities.