Hospital-wide results of patient safety climate survey in healthcare personnel
| 2012 | 2016 | 2017 | 2019 | Z-statistic* | P value | |
| Participation in survey | ||||||
| Number participated | 3179 | 7546 | 6813 | 7791 | ||
| Number invited | 12 227 | 12 789 | 13 636 | 14 253 | ||
| Per cent participation | 26 | 58 | 50 | 55 | −52.09 | <0.0001 |
| Per cent positive responses† | ||||||
| Aggregate culture of safety (%) | 65 | 71 | 72 | 74 | −9.19 | <0.0001 |
| Domain: own unit (%) | 73 | 77 | 78 | 80 | −8.04 | <0.0001 |
| Domain: supervisor of own unit (%) | 67 | 71 | 72 | 74 | −11.1 | <0.0001 |
| Domain: communication (%) | 50 | 58 | 61 | 61 | −10.27 | <0.0001 |
| Domain: frequency of reporting (%) | 71 | 67 | 68 | 67 | 3.46 | 0.0005 |
| Overall safety grade for hospital (%) | 71 | 95 | 97 | 97 | −46.29 | <0.0001 |
*Z-statistic is the effect estimate for trend from 2012 to 2019.
†Positive response was defined as agree, strongly agree, most of the time, always, very good and excellent for all questions on the survey except the negatively worded questions, for which disagree and strongly disagree are considered positive responses.