Before | During | After | P value | |
N=353 | N=265 | N=242 | ||
Baseline factors | ||||
Female, n (%) | 186 (52.7) | 127 (47.9) | 128 (52.9) | 0.422 |
Age, mean (SD) | 66.9 (16.2) | 66.1 (17.1) | 69.2 (14.9) | 0.078 |
GCS, median (IQR) | 14 (11–15) | 14 (11–15) | 14 (11–15) | 0.472 |
modified Rankin Scale score, n (%) | 0.027 | |||
0 | 218 (61.8) | 173 (65.3) | 183 (75.6) | |
1 | 40 (11.3) | 28 (10.6) | 22 (9.1) | |
2 | 28 (7.9) | 18 (6.8) | 8 (3.3) | |
3 | 38 (10.8) | 33 (12.5) | 22 (9.1) | |
4 | 22 (6.2) | 10 (3.8) | 7 (2.9) | |
5 | 7 (2.0) | 3 (1.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
IVH, n (%) | 124 (35.1) | 98 (37.0) | 75 (32.6) | 0.591 |
ICH volume, median (IQR) | 14.0 (5.4–38.5) | 15.2 (5.0–42.4) | 18.4 (5.9–42.3) | 0.405 |
Location, n (%) | (1 missing) | 0.252 | ||
Infratentorial | 37 (10.5) | 32 (12.1) | 28 (11.6) | |
Lobar | 98 (27.8) | 82 (30.9) | 88 (36.5) | |
Deep | 218 (61.8) | 151 (57.0) | 125 (51.9) | |
Taking anticoagulant, n (%) | 47 (13.3) | 36 (13.6) | 28 (11.6) | 0.761 |
Taking antiplatelet, n (%) | 68 (19.3) | 52 (19.6) | 56 (23.1) | 0.474 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 157 (44.6) (1 missing) | 142 (53.6) | 112 (46.7) (2 missing) | 0.078 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 39 (11.1) (1 missing) | 41 (15.5) | 35 (14.6) (2 missing) | 0.235 |
Systolic BP, mean (SD) | 171 (34.8) (11 missing) | 169 (35.4) (8 missing) | 165 (33.4) (25 missing) | 0.079 |
Onset to arrival (h), med (IQR) | 2.8 (1.5–8.6) | 6.7 (2.2–15.6) | 5.8 (1.8–15.9) | <0.001 |
Care Process Measures | ||||
DNR order <24 hour, n (%) | 97 (27.5) | 47 (17.7) | 39 (16.1) | <0.001 |
Critical care admission <72 hour, n (%) | 65 (18.4) | 76 (28.7) | 72 (29.8) | <0.001 |
Door-to-needle time for anticoagulant reversal (mins), median (IQR) | 109 (67–151) (1 missing) | 119 (79–199) | 76 (0–163) | 0.110 |
Door-to-target time for BP lowering (mins), median (IQR) | 718 (334–1761) (17 missing) | 237 (114–887) (8 missing) | 138 (90–311) (3 missing) | <0.001 |
Door-to-first enteral hypertensive time (mins), median (IQR) | 28 (16–47) | 23 (14–43) | 25 (13–44) | 0.386 |
Repeat scan within 6 hours of END, n (%) | 43/100 (43.0) | 10/43 (23.3) | 18/69 (26.1) | 0.020 |
Palliative care <72 hours, n (%) | 38 (10.8) | 18 (6.8) | 17 (7.0) | 0.135 |
Outcomes | ||||
END <48 hours, n (%) | 100 (28.4) (1 missing) | 43 (16.2) | 69 (28.5) | <0.001 |
Died within 30 days, n (%) | 99 (28.0) | 57 (21.5) | 38 (15.7) | 0.002 |
P values ‹ 0.05 are shown in bold.
BP, blood pressure; DNR, do-not-resuscitate; END, early neurological decline; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ICH, intracerebral haemorrhage; IVH, intraventricular haemorrhage.