Process and outcome measurements for intrahospital transportation
| Variables | Preimplementation (January to December 2015) | Implementation (January to December 2016) | Postimplementation (January to December 2017) | P value* |
| Process measurement: audits for IHT tasks | ||||
| Audit number | 14 | 72 | 33 | |
| Finding | ||||
| Before transportation | ||||
| Lack of briefing | 4 | 15 | 0 | |
| Absent patient identification | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Malfunction of monitor/equipment | 1 | 3 | 0 | |
| Dislocation of line/tube | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Malfunction of patient bed | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Absent checking of patients | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Checklist not completed | N/A | 23 | 2 | |
| During transportation | ||||
| Not reading monitoring data | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Suboptimal ventilator settings | 1 | 2 | 0 | |
| Absent leadership | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
| Incorrect response to monitor data | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Absent patient monitoring | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
| Lacking mutual support | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| On arrival to examination room | ||||
| Lacking time-out procedure | 10 | 12 | 0 | |
| Lacking handoff | 7 | 11 | 0 | |
| After returning to ICU | ||||
| Lacking handoff | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Average findings per 100 items | 18.1 | 6.3 | 0.4 | <0.001 |
| Outcome measurement: incident rate of reported adverse events related to IHT | ||||
| Number of admissions, ICU | 7703 | 8017 | 8323 | |
| Patient-days, ICU | 56 434 | 54 460 | 54 822 | |
| IHT sessions for the ICU patients | 4211 | 3711 | 5016 | |
| IHT sessions for the ICU MV patients | 1019 | 1281 | 1159 | |
| IHT session for the ICU MV patients (per 100 admissions) | 13.2 | 16.0 | 13.9 | |
| IHT session for the ICU MV patients (per 1000 ICU patient-days) | 18.1 | 23.5 | 21.1 | |
| Number of working respiratory therapists | 26.5±0.9 | 27±0 | 29.5±0.5 | |
| Number of patient safety events in the hospital | 2342 | 2176 | 2757 | |
| Number of adverse events in the MV patients | 11 | 3 | 2 | |
| Incident rate of IHT-related adverse events, per IHT session for ventilated patient | 1.08% | 0.23% | 0.17% | 0.010 |
| Incident rate of IHT-related adverse events, per ICU admission | 0.14% | 0.04% | 0.02% | 0.027 |
*Comparison between preimplementation and implementation phases.
ICU, intensive care unit; IHT, intrahospital transportation; MV, mechanical ventilation; N/A, not available.