Patient-reported outcome measures
| Name | Options | Text used in survey | Alias | Words (FKG) | Notes |
| Quality of life | |||||
| Health status | None– extreme | How are you today? (past 24 hours) | howRu | 24 (2.6) | Health status (howRu) is sometimes referred to as health-related quality of life. This was the first in the family.17 |
| Pain/discomfort | Pain or discomfort | Pain | |||
| Distress | Feeling low or worried | Distress | |||
| Disability | Limited in what you can do | Disability | |||
| Dependence | Require help from others | Dependence | |||
| Personalwell-being | Strongly agree–disagree | How are you feeling in general? | PWS | 29 (3.7) | Personal Well-being Score (PWS) is based on the Office of National Statistics ONS4. Unlike ONS4 all items are worded positively, and it has a summary score.23 |
| Life satisfaction | I am satisfied with my life | Satisfaction | |||
| Worthwhile | What I do in my life is worthwhile | Worthwhile | |||
| Happy | I was happy yesterday | Happy | |||
| Not anxious | I was NOT anxious yesterday | NotAnxious | |||
| Sleep | Strongly agree– disagree | Thinking about your recent sleep pattern | Sleep | 29 (0.9) | Sleep hygiene is an important determinant of health and well-being.50 |
| Sleep at same time | I go to sleep at the same time | SleepTime | |||
| Wake at same time | I wake up at the same time | WakeTime | |||
| Wake refreshed | I wake up feeling refreshed | Refreshed | |||
| Sleep well | I sleep well | SleepWell | |||
| Fatigue | Strongly agree–disagree | Thinking about getting tired | Fatigue | 27 (3.9) | Fatigue is a common presenting complaint in primary care and can have a large impact on quality of life.51 |
| Energy level | I usually have enough energy | Energy | |||
| Tire quickly | I do not tire too quickly | TireFast | |||
| Able to concentrate | I can usually concentrate well | Concentrate | |||
| Stamina | I can keep going if I need to | Stamina | |||
| Individual care | |||||
| Health confidence | Strongly agree–disagree | How do you feel about caring for your health? | HCS | 38 (1.9) | Health Confidence Score (HCS covers people’s confidence about looking after their own health.24 |
| Knowledge | I know enough about my health | Knowledge | |||
| Self-management | I can look after my health | SelfManage | |||
| Access to help | I can get the right help if I need it | GetHelp | |||
| Shared decisions | I am involved in decisions about me | ShareDecision | |||
| Self-care | Strongly agree–disagree | How well do you look after yourself? | SelfCare | 28 (4.2) | Self-care, includes self-management of diet, physical activity, weight and medication.52 |
| Diet management | I manage my diet well | Diet | |||
| Exercise management | I manage my physical activity well | Exercise | |||
| Weight management | I manage my weight well | Weight | |||
| Meds management | I manage my medication well | MedsMan | |||
| Shared decisions | Strongly agree–disagree | Thinking about your plan | SDM | 28 (3.8) | Shared decisions (SDM) covers patients’ involvement in clinical decisions, including their understanding of the choices and the risks and benefits of each.53 |
| Know benefits | I know the possible benefits | Benefits | |||
| Know downside | I know the possible downside | Downside | |||
| Know choices | I know that I have choices | Choices | |||
| Fully involved | I feel fully involved | Involved | |||
| Behaviour change | Strongly agree–disagree | Thinking about this behaviour | Behaviour | 29 (1.0) | Behaviour change covers capability, opportunity and motivation (conscious and unconscious) to change behaviour based on Michie’s COM-B model.54 |
| Capability | I am able to do it (skills and tools) | Capability | |||
| Opportunity | Nothing prevents me from doing it | Opportunity | |||
| Conscious motive | I choose to do it | Motivation | |||
| Automatic motive | I do it without thinking | AutoMotive | |||
| Adherence | Strongly agree–disagree | Do you follow treatment instructions? | Adherence | 32 (3.1) | Adherence includes remembering to take medications, have treatment and to follow instructions, given side effects or recovery, and satisfaction.55 |
| Remember | I remember to do it | Remember | |||
| Go on if I feel bad | I do not stop if I feel bad | TakeIfBad | |||
| Go on if I feel better | I do not stop if I feel better | TakeIfGood | |||
| Treatment satisfaction | I am happy with my treatment | TreatSatis | |||
| Acceptance of loss | Strongly agree–disagree | Have you learnt to live with what’s happened? | Loss | 32 (0.5) | Acceptance of loss covers how people cope with loss, learn to live with events, including recognition of capabilities and change, how to do things differently and to move on with life, along the lines of the grief cycle.56 |
| New capability | I know what I can and cannot do | CanDo | |||
| Recognise loss | I see how my life has changed | Recognition | |||
| Change activity | I do things differently now | Activity | |||
| Move on | I have moved on | MoveOn | |||
| Community | |||||
| Social determinants | Strongly agree–disagree | Thinking about how you live | SDOH | 31 (2.4) | Social determinants of health impact health and care outcomes but are outside the clinical system. Education, self-esteem, housing and poverty play a major role in determining peoples’ health outcomes.57 |
| Education | I have had a good education | Education | |||
| Social status | I am valued for what I do | Status | |||
| Housing | I am happy about where I live | Housing | |||
| Enough money | I have enough money to cope | Poverty | |||
| Loneliness | Strongly agree–disagree | Thinking about your friends and family | Loneliness | 31 (2.4) | Loneliness is an important determinant of health and well-being. This measure focuses on peoples’ perception of loneliness and their social relationships in a positive way.58 |
| People to talk to | I have people to talk to | Companion | |||
| People to confide in | I have someone I can confide in | Confidant | |||
| People to help | I have people who will help me | PeopleHelp | |||
| Do things with others | I do things with others | JoinIn | |||
| Neighbour relationships | Strongly agree–disagree | Thinking about your neighbours | Neighbours | 19 (3.2) | Neighbour relationships, community cohesion and social capital are impacted by how well people know, trust and help each other.59 |
| Know each other | We know each other | KnowNeighs | |||
| Trust each other | We trust each other | TrustNeighs | |||
| Share information | We share information | NeighsShareInfo | |||
| Help each other | We help each other | NeighsAssist | |||
| Personal safety | Strongly agree–disagree | Thinking about your personal safety | PersSafety | 30 (4.8) | Personal safety covers physical safety (eg, from injury) and emotionally safety (from verbal abuse or discrimination), which may occur either inside your own home or when you go out.60 |
| Safe at home | I feel safe at home | SafeHome | |||
| Respected at home | I feel respected at home | HomeRespect | |||
| Safe outside | I feel safe outside home | SafeOut | |||
| Respected outside | I feel respected outside home | RespectOut | |||
| Loneliness (ONS) | Hardly ever–always | How often do you | LonelinessONS | 17 (0.0) | This measure is included as an alternative to loneliness (above), based on guidance from the Office of National Statistics (ONS).61 |
| No one to talk to | Have no one to talk to? | NoFriends | |||
| Feel left out | Feel left out? | Isolated | |||
| Feel alone | Feel alone? | Alone | |||
| Feel lonely | Feel lonely? | Lonely | |||
FKG, Flesch Kincaid Grade.