Table 2

Measures of association (fixed effects) obtained by two-level (patient and hospital departments) multilevel logistic regression (models 2 and 3) modelling measurement of albuminuria upon contact with hospital departments by patients with diabetes (values are ORs, 95% confidence intervals)

Model 2*Model 3*Model 2*Model 3*
20102011
Hospital accreditation (group 1)†ReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
Group 22.69 (1.26 to 4.92)2.91 (1.50 to 8.95)2.03 (0.74 to 5.09)2.67 (1.47 to 6.40)
Group 36.71 (2.52 to 17.73)8.32 (1.95 to 23.62)3.29 (1.07 to 10.39)4.27 (1.49 to 11.28)
Group 45.99 (4.14 to 10.57)7.75 (3.71 to 13.60)2.14 (1.43 to 4.08)2.94 (1.83 to 4.70)
Gender (male as reference)0.91 (0.83 to 0.99)1.02 (0.93 to 1.12)
Age (1 year increasing)1.01 (1.00 to 1.01)1.01 (1.01 to 1.01)
20122013
Hospital accreditation (group 1)†ReferenceReferenceReferenceReference
Group 22.21 (1.00 to 5.46)2.56 (1.03 to 7.70)1.92 (0.65 to 5.28)2.07 (0.84 to 5.28)
Group 30.78 (0.37 to 2.17)1.13 (0.36 to 3.84)0.97 (0.39 to 2.08)0.96 (0.47 to 2.23)
Group 41.19 (0.82 to 2.55)2.05 (0.83 to 3.49)2.51 (1.46 to 4.65)2.47 (1.57 to 4.78)
Gender (male as reference)1.13 (1.00 to 1.27)1.07 (0.96 to 1.18)
Age (1 year increasing)1.02 (1.02 to 1.03)1.02 (1.02 to 1.02)
  • *Model 1 is an empty model with no fixed effects, thus it is absent in this table. Model 2: a two-level model with accreditation. Model 3: a two-level model with accreditation, gender and age.

  • †Group 1: hospitals accredited by the American model (Joint Commission International (JCI)) in 2002–2014, then by the Danish Quality Model (DDKM) in 2012–2015. Group 2: hospitals accredited by JCI in 2011–2014, then by DDKM in 2012–2015. Group 3: small hospitals accredited by the British model (Health Quality Service) in 2003–2010, then by DDKM in 2010–2015. Group 4: hospitals that were accredited for the first time by DDKM between 2010–2011 and 2015.