Table 1

US medical-surgical fall and injury studies, 2009–2016

Citation Study type Units (n)	Interventions	Falls 1000 patient days			Any injury 1000 patient days			Serious injury 1000 patient days
Citation Study type Units (n)	Interventions	Control	Intervention	p Value	Control	Intervention	p Value	Control	Intervention	p Value
Dykes et al14 Cluster RCT 8 units	Icons Patient education	4.64	3.48	0.04	0.50	0.58	0.64	*	*	*
DuPree et al21 Historic control 14 units	Exit alarms	4.00	2.61	*	1.31	0.50	*	*	*	*
Lohse et al13 Historic control 1 unit	Timed toileting	4.24	2.53	0.02	1.17	0.41	0.04	0.000	0.160	*
Titler et al40 Prospective cohort 13 units	Staff education	3.69	2.70	0.09	0.70	0.59	0.73	*	*	*
Quigley et al27 Historic control 2 units	Patient education Toileting	4.13	2.65	*	*	*	*	0.185	0.085	*
Hardin et al20 RCT 10 units	Icons Patient education Exit alarm	4.58	3.62	0.28	*	*	*	0.136	0.043	0.35