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Using Always Events to derive patient-centred quality improvement priorities in a specialist primary care service providing care to a homeless population
  1. Marianne McCallum1,
  2. Duncan McNab2,
  3. John Mckay2
  1. 1 General Practice and Primary Care, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
  2. 2 Medical Directorate, NHS Education for Scotland West Region, Glasgow, UK
  1. Correspondence to Dr Marianne McCallum; marianne.mccallum{at}glasgow.ac.uk

Abstract

Background ‘Always Events’ (AE) is a validated quality improvement (QI) method where patients, and/or carers, are asked what is so important that it should ‘always’ happen when they interact with healthcare services. Answers that meet defined criteria can be used to direct patient-centred QI activities. This method has never, to our knowledge, been applied in the care of a UK homeless population. We aimed to test the aspects of the acceptability and feasibility of the AE method to inform on its potential application to improve care for this vulnerable group of patients.

Methods All patients attending three consecutive drop-in clinics at a specialist homeless general practitioner service in Glasgow, who agreed to participate, were interviewed. Anonymised responses were transcribed and coded and a thematic analysis performed. Themes were summarised to generate candidate AE using the patient’s own words. The authors then determined if they met the AE criteria.

Results Twenty out of 22 eligible patients were interviewed. Oral transcribing was found to be an acceptable way to gather data in this group. Nine candidate AEs were generated, of which five fitted the criteria to be used as metrics for future QI projects. This project generated AEs and QI targets, and highlighted issues of importance to patients that could be easily addressed.

Conclusion In the homeless context, obtaining high engagement and useful patient feedback, in a convenient way, is difficult. The AE method is an acceptable and feasible tool for generating QI targets that can lead to improvements in care for this vulnerable group.

  • homeless persons
  • quality improvement
  • primary healthcare
  • patient-centred care
  • Always events

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

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Footnotes

  • Contributors MM, DM and JM planned the study. MM organised and oversaw the Always Events interviews. All authors were involved in thematic analysis and generation of the Always Events. MM drafted the manuscript and all authors were involved in revision.

  • Funding MM was an NHS Education for Scotland Health Inequality Fellow funded from August 2016 to August 2017.

  • Competing interests None declared.

  • Ethics approval Under UK research governance regulations ethical review is not required as following application of the Medical Research Council ‘Decision tool—is it research?’ The authors considered this project to be service evaluation.

  • Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

  • Data sharing statement No additional data are available.

  • Patient consent for publication Not required.