You are here

Article Text

Article menu

Download PDFPDF

33-4DYC Vertical transmission of HIV/AIDS: what is there in the literature about it?
  1. Bárbara Carvalho dos Santos1,
  2. Mykaelle Soares Lima2,
  3. José Egberg Santos de Araújo3,
  4. Ariadne Gonçalves Dela Penha Banho4,
  5. Yasmin Thainá Novais Severino5,
  6. Keoma Santos Dias6,
  7. Diego Rodrigues Silva Moraes7,
  8. Laélia Alves Araujo8,
  9. Ezequias Silva Souza9,
  10. Lueli Evelin Leite Mota4,
  11. Samara da Silva Barbosa10,
  12. Daccione Ramos da Conceição11,
  13. Ana Carolina Ferrer Lobo4,
  14. Marcia Cristina Silva Costa12,
  15. Lidiane Cristina Santiago de Oliveira13,
  16. Maria das Graças da Silva Sousa14,
  17. Hyrllanny Pereira dos Santos15,
  18. Jose Neres de Souza Junior16,
  19. Marcelino Martins17
  1. 1Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Departamento de Cirurgia)
  2. 2Universidade Federal do Piauí (Departamento de Enfermagem)
  3. 3Hospital Unimed Fortaleza (Departamento de Enfermagem)
  4. 4Universidade Estadual do Piauí (Curso de Fisioterapia)
  5. 5Centro Universitário São Camilo (Departamento de Saúde)
  6. 6Universidade Nove de Julho (Curso de Fisioterapia)
  7. 7Hospital Dr. Carlos Macieira (Departamento de Fisioterapia)
  8. 8Universidade Federal do Maranhão (Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão)
  9. 9Faculdade de Ciências E Tecnologia do Maranhão (Terapia Intensiva)
  10. 10Universidade do Estado da Bahia (Departamento de Fisioterapia)
  11. 11Universidade Estadual do Piauí (Departamento de Fisioterapia)
  12. 12Hospital Dr. Carlos Macieira (Terapia Intensiva)
  13. 13Exército Brasileiro (Departamento de Saúde)
  14. 14Instituto Capixaba de Ensino, Pesquisa e Inovação em Saúde (Departamento de Saúde)
  15. 15Faculdade Santa Terezinha (Departamento de Saúde)
  16. 16Universidade Estadual do Maranhão (Departamento de Enfermagem)
  17. 17Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (Departamento de Saúde)

Abstract

Introduction Vertical transmission of HIV/AIDS, which occurs from mother to child, is the main means of infecting children with the disease, being the cause of 90% of HIV cases in children under 13 years of age. In the period from 2000 to 2023, 158,429 pregnant/parturient/postpartum women infected with HIV were reported in Brazil. Around 15 to 30% of children born to HIV-positive mothers acquire the virus during pregnancy, during labor or birth or while breastfeeding.

Objective Check what is in the literature about vertical transmission in Brazil and other countries, and its outcomes.

Methods This is an integrative review, where research was carried out in the following databases: Pubmed, Scielo and Virtual Health Library, as well as Ministry of Health and similar websites, in Portuguese, English and Spanish.

Results From 2015 to June 2023, 67,850 children with HIV were reported in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (Sinan) in Brazil. In 2022, 7,943 Brazilian pregnant women living with HIV were reported, with 4,666 live births, however, there were reports of 7,951 exposed children in the same year. Still in 2022, 60% of women knew they were HIV positive before pregnancy, and around 90% of women received prenatal care, however, the use of the retroviral ART was reported in only 66.8% of cases. The percentage of pregnant/parturient/postpartum women not using ART was 13.5% and in 19.7% of cases information about the use of therapy was ignored in 2022. In the same year, there were around 395 unfavorable pregnancy outcomes, with 84 stillborn and 311 miscarriages, accounting for 7.3% of the total cases of known pregnancy outcome. African countries have demonstrated high rates of vertical transmission of the disease, accompanied by many stigmas, problems with access to healthcare and adequate information, pregnant women without basic infrastructure and low use of retrovirals. On the other hand, Oman managed to eliminate the vertical transmission of HIV and syphilis, which was certified by the WHO in 2022. To achieve this, the country relied on strong political leadership, long-term planning and massive investments in maternal and child health services, as well as campaigns and other means of popular education about sexually transmitted infections.

Conclusion Vertical transmission rates still remain high, mainly due to insufficient use of retrovirals. However, some countries have already managed to eliminate the problem, serving as hope and inspiration so that other countries can also reach this level.

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjoq-2024-QSH.32

Statistics from Altmetric.com

    Request Permissions

    If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.