Abstract
Background
The care of patients with complex illnesses requires careful management, but systems of care management (CM) vary in their structure and effectiveness.
Objective
To create a framework identifying components of broad-based CM interventions and validate the framework, including using this framework to evaluate the contribution of varying components on outcomes of patients with chronic illness.
Design
We create the framework using retrospective information about CM activities and services over 12 months and categorize it using cluster and factor analysis. We then validate this framework through content and criterion techniques. Content validity is assessed through a Delphi study and criterion validity through relationship of the dosage measures and patterns of care to process and outcomes measures.
Participants
Patients with diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease receiving CM services in a model known as Care Management Plus implemented in primary care.
Results
Six factors of CM activity were identified, including a single dosage summary measure and 5 separate patterns of care. Of these, the overall dosage summary measure, face-to-face time, duration of follow-up, and breadth of services were all related to improved processes for hemoglobin A1c and LDL testing and control. Brief intense patterns of care and high face-to-face care manager time were also related to improved outcomes.
Conclusions
Using this framework, we isolate components of a CM intervention directly related to improved process of care or patient outcomes. Current efforts to structure CM to include face-to-face time and multiple diseases are discussed.
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Acknowledgements
This study was supported by grant no. 2001-0465 from the John A. Hartford Foundation and David A. Dorr was supported through a grant from the National Library of Medicine (K22 LM 8427-01). We would like to thank Paul D. Clayton, PhD, for his tireless efforts with the CM program and his mentorship to our team, as well as the Intermountain management team for their financial support and encouragement. We would also like to thank Diane Huber, PhD, for her pioneering work in this area. Additional information about the program is available at http://www.caremanagementplus.org.
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None disclosed.
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Dorr, D.A., Wilcox, A., Jones, S. et al. Care Management Dosage. J GEN INTERN MED 22, 736–741 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-007-0138-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-007-0138-z