Article Text
PDF
Abstract
This quality improvement project aimed to reduce the 'no show' rate in a paediatric neurology clinic in Qatar.
No show, in outpatient clinics, is defined as patients who fail to attend their scheduled clinic appointments. It is one of the targets for improving quality of care. It leads to longer waiting times for patients to be seen in outpatient clinics, and the result is patients missing their important appointments. It also results in a waste of the clinic resources, and physician and other healthcare practitioners' time.
This study was undertaken as part of the CCITP (clinical care improvement training programme). A project team was assembled with coaching support. The department chairman and the appointment system personnel were involved. Baseline and ongoing measures were collected and charted.
The baseline no-show rate was identified as 49%. Following three intervention PDSAs, mainly addressing communication and appointment flexibility, the post intervention no-show rate dropped to 18% and was sustained below the target of 25% for two years.
Better communication and appointment flexibility can significantly reduce the no-show rate in outpatient clinics.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non commercial and is otherwise in compliance with the license. See:
Statistics from Altmetric.com
Problem
In the Paediatric Neurology Clinic at Hamad General Hospital, Qatar, 49% of patients referred to pediatric neurology did not show up for their appointments leading to long waiting times for new patients, and a waste of clinic resources. The international bench-mark for primary care clinics is 5-10%, however for specialist healthcare centres, the no-show rate has been reported to be higher.1 ,2
Background
No-show in outpatient clinics, also known as DNA (Did Not Attend) is a cause of significant concern for healthcare providers. Patients don't attend appointments for several reasons including; logistical reasons such as transport difficulties or the lack of a suitable carer to bring the child. There are also appointment related reasons including; scheduling, communication, and timing of the appointment.
A recent study by DuMontier et al,3 from Wisconsin, showed that effective interventions reduced the no-show rate in both the general population and the chronic/habitual no-show cohort. Changing clinic schedules can be effective if it is adopted to a specific population, but can be cumbersome in a large health care facility.
Izard4 reported on a Quality improvement system implemented in Milwaukee that included focused interventions for habitual no-show patients and resulted in a 20% drop in the no-show rate. Similar work in Psychiatry from Gajwani5 in Texas resulted in a significant and maintained reduction of the no-show rate.
Learning from the literature, it is clear that multi faceted interventions aimed at all levels of the process have a high success rate. Johnson et al6 describe how communicating when conducting outpatient appointments is crucial if the no show rate is to be managed and reduced effectively.
Baseline measurement
No-show was measured as the percentage of patients who did not attend their appointments, compared to all patients given appointments for one paediatric neurology outpatient clinic.
A record of all appointments given, cancellations, and patients who did not attend was kept by the clinic nurse and checked by the physician.
In the first six weeks of the project, 26 patients out of 53 (49%) did not attend or cancelled their clinic appointments. Six more patients (11%) cancelled their clinic appointments but only half of them were replaced by other patients as the other half did not give adequate notice of cancellation for the appointment office to notify a replacement.
The median waiting time to the third available appointment was 11 weeks. We used this as an indicator of the clinic's efficiency. This measure is affected by the high no show rate, as patients who fail to attend their appointments are rescheduled, which affects the waiting time.⇓
Design
The project was developed as part of the learning platform of the Clinical Care Improvement Training Programme. The project had coaching support. The team was composed of physicians, a clinic nurse, a specialist nurse, contact centre staff, and the department secretary. The team drew a process map of how patients are given and notified of their appointments. A fish-bone was also drawn to analyse the root causes and three interventions were identified as suitable for PDSA which were;
– Improving the way we contact parents, allowing them to ask for an immediate re-book if they know they can not make the appointment.
– A review of all available slots on the morning before the clinic date and replacing cancelled slots by patients from the urgent waiting list.
– The physician reviews the notes for the habitual no-show patients (more than once) and decides whether they need further appointments, otherwise they can be contacted by the specialty nurse.
Strategy
PDSA Cycle1 (September 2013)
Aim: To reduce the no show rate for the Pediatric Neurology outpatient clinic at Hamad General Hospital from 49% to 25% by December 31st 2013 (4 months)
Plan: Offer patients an immediate re-book by asking them whether the appointment time is suitable or not.
Prediction: Many patients would re-book or cancel the appointment instead of accepting it and then not attending.
Do: to our surprise around 40% of all patients requested a re-book or informed us that they don't need the appointment
Study: The results confirmed this as a crucial intervention as the no show rate dropped to 33% in two weeks.
Act: We implemented the new call structure for all clinics within the facility and defined cancellation slots as our target for the next PDSA.
PDSA Cycle 2 (October 2013)
Aim: To reduce the no show rate for the Pediatric Neurology outpatient clinic at Hamad General Hospital from 49% to 25% by December 31st 2013 (4 months)
Plan: Implement a system where all cancelled appointments are refilled in the morning before the clinic form the list of urgent patients, by liaison between the clinician and the patient referral service.
Prediction: Patients from the urgent list are likely to come to appointments as they have been referred recently. This will also improve the overall waiting time which will impact on the no-show rate.
Do: There was a further improvement in the no show rate and the urgent list reduced immediately.
Study: The results confirmed this as a crucial intervention, with this the no show rate dropping to our target of 25%.
Act: We identified the habitual no-show patients as a target for the next PDSA.
PDSA Cycle 3: (October-November 2013)
Aim: To reduce the no show rate for the Pediatric Neurology outpatient clinic at Hamad General Hospital from 49% to 25% by December 31st 2013 (4 months)
Plan: To discharge patients who failed to attend twice.
Prediction: Around 25% of our no show patients failed to attend for the third time. Our appointment system used to offer patients three appointments before discharging them from the service. We found that less than 10% of patients who failed to attend twice, turned up for the third appointment. We predicted that by discharging patients after the second non-attendance we would reduce the no show rate further.
Do: Patients who failed to attend twice were discharged from the clinic and removed from the list. A note was send to the referrer to inform them that their patient did not show twice.
Study: Our no show rate reduced further to 18%.
Act: This was implemented as a standard.⇓
Results
After the 3rd PDSA cycle, the no-show rate dropped to 18% in the post intervention period. This improvement was sustained for 24 months following the completion of the project by continued liaison between the responsible physician and the patient referral and call centre. There was an effort to spread this across all outpatient clinics in the department. The effect of the changed call structure also resulted in an improvement in the attendance to other clinics within the department.
Median waiting time to the third available appointment reduced to eight weeks (30% improvement).⇓
Lessons and limitations
It is possible to reduce the no-show rate by implementing changes to the appointment system and patient communication strategies.
When we reviewed the process of booking and communicating appointments to the parents, many of the team's misconceptions were immediately rectified. This was due to the team walking in the patient/parents shoes to fully understand the process.
The success of the first intervention identified another area for improvement as the number of cancellations created space for urgent patients. This in turn further improved attendance and reduced the overall waiting time for clinic appointments.
A limitation of this improvement project is that there were some cultural issues which made it difficult to achieve the international benchmark of 5-10%; patients sometimes had issues with taking time off work and providing carers to bring their children to their appointments.
Conclusion
We conclude that improved strategies for communications with parents, a flexible appointment system and better communication between the clinical and admin teams resulted in a significant reduction in the no show rate in this busy paediatric neurology clinic. There were also associated benefits of improving access for urgent patients and a reduction in the overall waiting time.
Sustaining the gains required vigilance and regular audit of the outcome measure, which is currently one of the key performance indicators for paediatric neurology. A feedback loop was created for the clinical team to inform the booking services when the no show rate goes up to rectify the process.
Acknowledgments
Mohammad Janahi Pediatric Chairman, Zeenia Kersi, Amel Chehab project team members.
Footnotes
Declaration of interests Nothing to declare
Ethical approval This work was deemed an improvement study and not a research study on human subjects as patients were not affected directly and their treatment was not altered nor were they given an experimental or novel therapy, the local research policy meant that ethical approval was not required. This was confirmed by the IRB.